◆ Dab tsi yog Cov Hlau Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas Siv Hauv Cov Pwm Castings?
Ntawm no yog qhov tseeb thiab nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm cov kev paub dav dav tshaj plaws uas tau npaj siv hauvalloy steel casting sow pwm:
1. Tsawg amalgam npaj:Cov kev npaj no muaj tsawg tsawg ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw xws li npib tsib xee, chromium, thiab molybdenum. Kev nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom no txhim kho cov hardenability thiab lub zog ntawm cov hlau sib piv nrog carbon npaj. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw uas tsis tshua muaj npaj siv rau hauv cov khoom cog qoob loo yog 4140, 4340, thiab 8620. Cov txheej txheem no muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo, hnav thaiv, thiab machinability.
2.ntstrument npaj:Cov cuab yeej npaj yog npaj rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau qhov hnyav hnyav thiab hnav tawm tsam. Lawv muaj cov ntsiab lus siab carbon thiab alloying nce xws li tungsten, vanadium, thiab molybdenum. Cov cuab yeej npaj zoo li H13, P20, thiab D2 tau siv tsis tu ncua hauv cov pob zeb zoo li cas vim tias lawv qhov kev tawm tsam zoo heev, lub zog, thiab muaj peev xwm tuav cov npoo ntse. Cov kev npaj no tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov duab nyuaj thiab yog siv ntau zaus hauv kev tom cov plua plav projecting lossis infusion shaping daim ntaub ntawv.
3. Tempered steels:Hardened steels yog alloyed nrog chromium thiab npib tsib xee los muab ci ntsa iab noj tawm tsam. Nyob rau hauv sow form castings, kho steels zoo li 316, 304, thiab 17-4 feem ntau yog siv. Cov no npaj muaj kev tawm tsam zoo dua li oxidation, hluavtaws, thiab kub kub. Lawv tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov uas cov castings yuav raug nthuav tawm rau kev puas tsuaj, piv txwv li, hauv cov khoom siv hluavtaws, khoom noj khoom haus, thiab kev lag luam marine.
4. Thaum tshav kub kub kev nyab xeeb npaj:Thaum tshav kub kub kev nyab xeeb npaj tau qhia meej meej hloov mus rau qhov kub thiab txias thaum khaws lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Npaj zoo li 309 thiab 310 impeccable feem ntau yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv sow castings vim lawv cov nickel, chromium, thiab silicon zoo dua. Cov khoom no npaj muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm kev scaling, oxidation, thiab sov so, ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau projecting daim ntaub ntawv uas muaj xws li kub-kub openness, xws li nyob rau hauv lub rhaub qhov chaw thiab siv kev kho apparatuses.
5. Maraging npaj:Maraging npaj yog ib qho kev sib sau tshwj xeeb ntawm kev npaj uas muaj nickel nrog cobalt, molybdenum, thiab titanium. Cov kev npaj no qhia tau zoo heev lub zog thiab durability tom qab maturing tshav kub kho. Lawv yog ntau lub sij hawm siv nyob rau hauv sow puab castings rau daim ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau super siab zog thiab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov nyhuv thiab tsis muaj zog, xws li aviation thiab tiv thaiv qhov chaw.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw tshwj xeeb tso siab rau cov kev hloov pauv xws li phiaj xwm phiaj xwm, tsim cov tswv yim, thiab cov thawj coj ua ntej, lav tias cov hlau amalgam xaiv tau raws li cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov qauv ua tiav raualloy steel casting sow pwm.
◆ Dab tsi koj yuav tsum xav txog hauv kev xaiv cov hlau alloy?
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog:
1. Mechanical zog xav tau – lub zog, ductility, hardness, toughness, qaug zog lub neej
2. Casting tsim complexity thiab seem thicknesses
3. Yuav tsum tau deg tag thiab dimension tolerances
4. Ntau lawm muaj peev xwm rau siab dua alloy steels
5. Kev kho cua sov teb thiab muaj peev xwm
6. Muaj peev xwm thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov alloy
7. Cov kev pabcuam xav tau – loads, hnav, corrosion, kub
8. Machinability thiab muaj peev xwm yuav welded los yog tsim post-casting
Qhov zoo tagnrho alloy sib tw yuav tsum muaj cov khoom thaum ua tau tiag tiag.
◆ Qhov Kev Xaiv Alloy Puas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim thiab tsim khoom?
Alloy xaiv cuam tshuam rau casting tsim thiab manufacturability:
1. Cov hlau alloy siab dua yuav tsum muaj qhov kub thiab txias ntau dua uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim qauv.
2. Lub zog thiab hardness cuam tshuam rau cov risers thiab chillers kom tsis txhob kub kua muag.
3. Cov khoom Shrinkage yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab hauv kev tsim lub tshuab feeder.
4. Ntu thicknesses yuav tsum tau kho raws li tus cwj pwm solidification.
5. Tight chemistry tswj yog xav tau kom sib xws nyob rau hauv high alloy steels.
6. Cov chaw kho cua sov yuav tsum ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hlau uas tau xaiv.
Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab kev tswj kom zoo yuav tsum haum rau qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau ntawm cov hlau.
◆Qhov Kev Ntsuas Zoo Pom Zoo rau Alloy Verification?
Kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov qauv nrum kom paub tseeb tias cov alloy:
1. Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog nyob rau hauv specification.
2. Mechanical testing xws li tensile, hardness, charpy, thiab qaug zog.
3. Microstructure characterization los ntawm cov qauv etched.
4. Kev ntsuam xyuas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj xws li ultrasonic, radiographic, thiab sib nqus particle.
5. Mass spectrometry los xyuas kom meej cov ntsiab lus tsis paug cov hlau.
Nrog ntau cov kab noj hniav, kev sim yuav tsum xyuas kom meej qhov sib xws ntawm cov seem.
◆ Xaus
Txhua yam nyob rau hauv tag nrho, xaiv qhov zoo tagnrho ua kealloy steel casting sow pwmsuav nrog kev txiav txim siab ntau yam xws li kev npaj tsim nyog, tsim kom muaj peev xwm, tswj kom zoo, thiab tus nqi. Los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ua ke nrog configuration architects, metallurgists, thiab foundry kws tshwj xeeb, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ke match tsis teem rau hauv pob zeb.
Configuration engineers xav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev nkag siab qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev ua lej, hloov cov phab ntsa thicknesses, thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tsis tau pom dua. Cov ntaub ntawv no pab xaiv qhov sib xyaw nrog kev npaj uas siv tau nrog cov phiaj xwm kev txiav txim siab thiab lav qhov raug cai sau thiab cementing thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Metallurgists pab txhawb lawv lub peev xwm los ntsuam xyuas cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov projecting system. Lawv xav txog yam xws li qhov kub thiab txias, qhov txias txias, thiab kev ua kom tawv tawv los txiav txim siab cov hlau ua ke uas yuav ua rau kev ua tiav zoo. Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau uas tau xaiv ua ke nrog qhov projecting system, tej zaum qhov tsis zoo tuaj yeem raug txwv, thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov castings tuaj yeem khaws cia nrog.
Foundry cov kws tshaj lij coj lawv txoj kev nkag siab rau hauv kev sib sau ua ke thiab kev xav txog tus nqi rau hauv kev xaiv kev sib koom ua ke. Lawv txiav txim siab txog kev nkag mus tau thiab tus nqi-kev muaj peev xwm ntawm ntau yam kev sib xyaw ua ke, lav tias cov khoom khaws tau ua tau raws li qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb thiab kev npaj siv nyiaj. Kev sib koom tes ntawm cov kws tsim qauv tsim, metallurgists, thiab cov kws paub txog kev tsim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb los txhim kho cov kev xaiv sib xyaw thiab ua kom tiav cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov noob qoob loo castings.
Ntawm kev ceev faj xaiv thiab lees paub cov hlau amalgam, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov txheej txheem sow. Txoj hauv kev no ua rau kev tsim cov qib siab dua, cov khoom muaj zog, thiab cov khoom tawv tawv uas ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov lag luam sib txawv, suav nrog tsheb, aviation, lub zog, thiab lub ntuj yog qhov txwv ntawm qhov ntawd.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov txheej txheem kev txiav txim siab steel sib xyaw raualloy steel casting sow pwmyuav tsum muaj kev nkag siab tag nrho ntawm kev xav txog kev npaj, cov txheej txheem tsim, thiab kev tswj hwm ua ntej. Los ntawm kev siv cov txuj ci ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij koom nrog qhov projecting system, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntawm cov kev xaiv paub thiab tsim cov castings uas ua tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.
◆ Cov ntaub ntawv siv
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- Collini, L. (2013). Cam khwb cia hlau - Qhov tseem ceeb Foundryman. Foundry Trade Journal.
- Rau, PN (2006). Manufacturing Technology - Foundry, tsim thiab Vuam. Tata McGraw Hill.
- Beeley, P. (2001). Foundry Technology. Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Dantzig, J. & Rappaz, M. (2009). Solidification. EPFL Xovxwm.
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